Submitted by Al …
(Adapted from The Encyclopedia of Photography ©1963)
In the third of our five part series, we looked at the general use of film, artificial light, filters, and colour negative films. Part four will explore colour reversal films.
COLOUR REVERSAL FILMS
Kodak Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type (Process E-3), is a colour sheet film balanced for exposure in sunlight and designed for reversal processing, producing a positive transparency.
This is a professional film, which in addition to being available in all standard sheet film sizes, is also available in rolls EP 620 and EP 120 as Kodak Ektachrome Professional Film, Daylight Type. As a professional film, it must be handled and stored properly and has less latitude in exposure than the amateur type of film. It is made to be used by professional photographers, providing the accuracy of colour balance and reproducibility required in professional work.Supplementary data sheets giving the specific qualities of each emulsion are packed with the films. It has a speed of ASA 50 or Speed Value 4°.
In general, best colour rendering is obtained in clear or hazy sunlight. Other light sources may not give equally good results even with the appropriate filters. The bluish cast which is otherwise evident in pictures taken in shade under a clear blue sky can be minimized by use of the Kodak Skylight Filter which requires no increase in exposure. This filter is also useful for reducing bluishness in pictures taken on overcast days and in distant scenes, mountain views, sunlit snow scenes, and aerial photographs. Blue flash lamps should be used for fill-in flash or for indoor flash. A Wratten No. 80C Filter can be used with clear flashbulbs. The film may be processed in the Kodak Ektachrome Film Processing Kit, Process E-3.
Kodak Ektachrome Film, Type B (Process E-3), is a colour sheet film balanced for exposure with 3200 K lamps and designed for reversal processing to produce positive colour transparencies. See Table 3. For flash exposures, clear flashbulbs may be used with Kodak Light Balancing Filter No. 81C. Kodak Ektachrome Film, Type B is processed in Kodak Ektachrome Film Processing Kit, Process E-3. It is available in sheet sizes from 2-1/4” x 3-1/4” to 11” x 14”.
Kodak Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type (Process E-2), is film similar to Kodak Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type (Process E-3), but is designed for use in 35mm and roll film cameras and balanced for exposure in sunlight. See Table 4.
Blue flashbulbs or clear flashbulbs and a Wratten No. 80C filter over the camera lens may be used. Blue flash should be used for fill-in outdoors in sunlight. This film may be used with electronic flash without a filter, although a Kodak Light Balancing Filter No. 81A may give a better colour balance when a new portable unit is used. If the filter is used, the lens should be opened approximately 1/3rd of a stop.
Kodak Ektachrome Film (Process E-2) may be processed by Kodak or any laboratory offering this service, or by the photographer in Kodak Film Processing Kit, Process E-2. It is available in 35mm 20 exposure magazines and in 120, 620, and 828 rolls
Kodak Ektachrome Film, Type F (Process E-2), is a similar film designed for use in 35mm and roll film cameras but balanced for exposure with clear flashbulbs., Its ASA speed with other light sources are shown in Table 5.
Processing is also in the Process E-2 kit, or it will be processed by Kodak or by other processing laboratories. It is also available in 35mm 20 exposure magazines, and 120, 620, and 828 rolls.
Kodak High Speed Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type (Process E-2), is a colour reversal film recommended for colour photography of fast action, available light situations, or where a large depth of field is needed. It is colour balanced for exposure to daylight, blue flashbulbs, and electronic flash illumination. No filters are required with any of these light sources. In general, for fluorescent illumination and arc lamps, this film is preferable to the Type B films. It has a speed of ASA 160 or Speed Value 5.5°.
Because of its extreme speed, this film is easy to overexpose under bright sunlight conditions. Exposure with photoflood or 3200 K lamps is not recommended because of the heavy filtration required. With these light sources, use Kodak High Speed Ektachrome Film, Type B.
Blue flashbulbs should be used for fill-in flash, and blue flashbulbs or clear bulbs with 80C filters for interior pictures. The film may be processed by Kodak, or other laboratories, or in Process Kit, E-2. It is available only in 35mm 20 exposure magazines.
Kodak High Speed Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type (Process E-2), is a colour reversal film balanced for exposure with 3200 K tungsten lamps. It is a special purpose high speed film intended primarily for use under existing tungsten light conditions. With most types of fluorescent lighting and arc lamps, Kodak High Speed Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type, will give more satisfactory results. See Table 6.
Clear flashbulbs may be used with a Kodak Light Balancing Filter No. 81C. A No. 85B Filter should be used with electronic flash. Processing is the same as with High Speed Ektachrome Film, Daylight Type, in Process E-2. It is available only in 35mm 20 exposure magazines.
Kodachrome II Film, Daylight Type, is a colour film designed for use in 35mm and simple still cameras and is balanced for exposure in sunlight. Laboratory processed by reversal, it yields positive transparencies for projection or colour printing.
Kodachrome II Film is faster than the Kodachrome Films supplied for many years and offers improved sharpness and image quality.
See Table 7 for exposure values.
Blue flashbulbs without a filter or clear flashbulbs with a Kodak Wratten No. 80C Filter may be used for indoor pictures. For fill in flash outdoors by sunlight, blue flashbulbs must be used.
Electronic flash may be used without a filter, but in general better results are obtained with a No. 81A Filter.
The emulsion layers of Kodachrome II are thinner than those of Kodachrome with the result that the film has greater acutance or apparent sharpness. This film cannot be processed by the user. It is available in 35mm magazines, 20 & 36 exposures, and in 828 rolls, 8 exposures.
Kodachrome II Professional Film, Type A, is designed for use in 35mm still cameras and is balanced for exposure with photoflood lamps. See Table 8. With the No. 85 Filter, the exposure for average subjects in bright sunlight is 1/100th or 1/125th second, with lens set at f/8. Clear flashbulbs may be used with a Kodak Light Balancing Filter No 81C.
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